frequency of follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene polymorphisms in Iranian infertile men with azoospermia

Background: Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man not having any measurable level of sperm in his semen. Follicle stimulating hormone [FSH] is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family that plays an important role in human reproduction because of its essential role in normal spermatogenesis. Various Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms [SNPs] have been reported within FSH receptor [FSHR] gene that may affect the receptor function

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between two FSHR SNPs at positions A919G, A2039G, and susceptibility to azoospermia in a group of Iranian azoospermic men. The association between FSH levels within the sera and A919G and A2039G alleles and genotypes were also investigated

Materials and Methods: This case control study was performed on 212 men with azoospermia [126 non-obstructive and 86 obstructive] and 200 healthy Iranian men. Two FSHR gene SNPs were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. The relationship between FSH levels within the sera and A919G and A2039G alleles and genotypes were also investigated

Results: Statistical analysis indicated that at A919G position, AA genotype and A allele were more frequent in obstructive azoospermia cases compared to nonobstructive or normal men [p=0.001]. Regarding A2039G polymorphisms, no significant difference was observed between both azoospermia groups and the controls. The mean level of serum FSH was higher in the non-obstructive men compared to the obstructive patients [23.8 versus 13.8, respectively, p= 0.04]

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the genetic polymorphisms in the FSHR gene might increase the susceptibility to azoospermia in Iranian men

Long-term effect of exposure to mustard gas on male infertility

Sulfur mustard is a noxious chemical and a carcinogen that causes acute and chronic injuries with both local and systemic effects. This study was conducted to investigate the long-term effect of sulfur mustard [mustard gas] on male infertility in couples, in whom the husbands were highly suspected of being exposed to mustard gas. A total of 91 couples, in whom men, highly suspicious of being exposed to mustard gas during the Iran-Iraq war, were fully examined by an urologist and a gynecologist, and urged to provide semen for three standard sperm analyses. Of 91 couples, 40 were infertile 10 years after given that the frequency is approximately 10-12% in normal population. In addition, thorough examination of the wives by a Gynecologist showed that of the foregoing 40 infertile couples, 8 [20%] of women suffered from infertility problems. The infertility of the remaining 32 [80%] was due to male factors as compared with 40-50% in the normal population. The results of the present research demonstrated that in the population under study, male factors had greater impact on infertility. The exposure of males to mustard gas played a distinct role in long term infertility

incidence of diverticula of urinary bladder in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and the comparison between cystoscopy and cystography in detecting bladder diverticula

The majorities of bladder diverticula are acquired and are secondary to either bladder outlet obstruction or the upper motor type of neurogenic bladder. This study was undertaken to increase awareness and understanding the putative role of BPH [Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia] in the development of bladder diverticula and to compare cystoscopy and cystography in detecting bladder diverticula. During a 4-month period, 106 patients with BPH, who were admitted in the hospital for surgery, were examined by cystoscopy to detect bladder diverticula. Thirty-one patients were selected randomly and underwent cystography. In this study, the rate of bladder diverticula in patients with BPH was 27.4% by cystoscopy while by cystography, it was 48%.There was a slight increase of bladder diverticula with increasing age. This research also depicted that the detection rate of diverticula cystography in of urinary bladder was much greater than that of cystoscopy. This study shows that the prevalence of bladder diverticula is considerably high. The detection rate of cystography in diverticula of urinary bladder was much greater than that of cystoscopy. Considering this high prevalence and potential complications, we suggest cystography for the early diagnosis and possible treatment of bladder diverticula in older patients with lower urinary tract symptoms

Failure rate of no-sclpel vasectomy in prevention of pregnancy in Shiraz, Southern Iran

Bilateral vasectomy is the most effective method of male contraception but there are still some reports on its failure. This study was undertaken to determine the failure rate of the no-scalpel vasectomy in Shiraz Vasectomy Center, Southern Iran. From 2001 to 2003, 3900 no-scalpel vasectomies were done in Nader Kazemi Health Center. The records were studied for any failure in the method. Presence of any live sperm 6 months after surgery or any report of pregnancy post-vasectomy were considered as vasectomy failure. Among 3900 cases, 2928 patients had a complete follow up file while failure in the method was visible among 109 [3.72%] cases. The low failure rate of no-scalpel method indicated its high efficacy to control the fertility in males but there is still need of performance by expert surgeons in well organized centers

[ evaluation use of IPSS in urinary retention in post-general anesthesia in over 50 years men]

Background and Objective: post-general anesthesia urinary retention is a common and bothering complication. In this study prediction value of IPSS for post-general anesthesia urinary retention was evaluated

Materials and Methods: this prospective study include 100 male patients over 50 years old who were candidated for nenurologic and non-nenurological elective surgery without any urology and neurologic past medial history. IPSS was calculated for each patient. The patients were followed in post operative period for urinary retention

Results: 1.8% of patients who had mild symptoms [IPSS=0-7] had urinary retention in 2nd 24 hours of post-operative period, 20% of patients who had IPSS=8-19 and 53.3% of patients with IPSS=20-53 had urinary retention at same period [P<0.05]

Conclusion: IPSS can predict postoperative urinary retention in elderly male patients. If severe symptoms by IPSS was encountered the patients and health care personals must be cautioned about possibility of postoperative urinary retention and if required urologic consulation

[Survey on intravenous fluid of intrapartum maternal glucose in acid base of newborns]

Introduction: acid base disorders are considered as important but preventable problems in newborns

Objective: our purpose was to compare the effect of intrapartum 5% glucose in the intravenous fluid on umbilical cord acid-base and glucose status after spontaneous vaginal delivery

Materials and Methods: this research is a control- case and a prospective randomized trial. To conduct this study, 200 pregnant women presenting to obstetrics and Gynecology wards of hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected. These parturients were at age range of 18-39, healthy, with cervical dilatation >/= 4cm[active phase] and vertex presentation with normal fetal heart rate. 100 women received ringer lactate solution and 100 women ringer's lactate solution containing 5% glucose as maintenance Iv fluid during labor. Blood gases of neonates were compared in both groups

Results: there was a significant difference in cord PH in R/L +5% glucoses as a maintenance Iv fluid between 100 parturients of case group [7.29+/- 0.03] and in R1L solution in 100 parturients of control group [7.22+/- 0.04 [p=0.00] and pco2 in R/L+5% glucose was lower than R1L group [48.7 mm Hg+/- 6.1 versus 57.7 mmHg+/-2.3 [p=0.00] and HCO3 in R/L+5% glucose was higher than R/L group [24.8 meq/L+/- 1.8 versus 20.9 meq/L+/-2.07 [p=0.00] and base excess in first group - 4.8+/-0.7 meq/L versus- 5.7+/-1 meq/L e p=0.00]. There were no statistical differences between two groups according to cord arterial glucose and neonatal glucose level and Apgar scores

Conclusion: intrapartum intravenous fluid consisting of lactate Ringer's solution containing 5% glucose reduces umbilical cord acidemia and hypercarbia and base excess but increased HCO3 and no change in cord level of glucose was observed. Lactated Ringer's solution containing 5% glucose maybe a preferable solution than solution without glucose as an intravenous fluid during labor

[Evaluation of relationship between smile line and age]

Smile line is one of the most important element of the smile esthetics. In an attractive smile, the maxillary anterior curve is parallel to the lower lip. With the changes in face, lips and teeth muscles. Which are caused by aging, this element [smile line] a1so changes. Aging causes smile line to move from its parallel position and in complete smile. Formulate deferent shapes relative to the lower lip curve. Therefore, thorough and accurate information about smile elements and anatomy seems to be essential for attractive smile restoration in various ages. A descriptive research on this issue has been done on 300 men and women between 20 to 70 years of age. Each subject was analyzed and evaluated by carful visual judgment. After the completion of information and evaluation of the result finding based on the clinical observation on students und clients at .Azad University - School of Dentistry have shown that with the passing of age, the smile line gradually changes from parallel from to straight and then reverse form. Other elements of smile such as tooth lower lip position also changes their forms through aging, and different forms such as slightly covered and touching decline while not touching increases. In the position of lip line the high, form declines whereas the low form increases